Due to the use of 2.4 GHz low-power radio modules, the range of wireless communication between ZigBee nodes is limited to a few kilometres. Therefore, more recently, the LoRa (Long Range) communication technology has been introduced for long-range, low-power, low-bit-rate wireless communication, enabling larger WSN coverage with power consumption similar to ZigBee by using chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation technology [ 46]. This modulation technique maintains the same low power characteristics as standard radio modulation but significantly increases the communication range because it is more robust to interference. Sonoff also has a soil sensor Soil sensor for the the TH10 and TH16, benefit is it’s not battery. Only thing is I have a TH10 with a temp sensor and when it was unplugged the value in HA stayed the last value for days. So if the sensor fails for some reason I won’t know until I see dead plants. I also have a Tuya temp sensor just like the Sonoff TH10 and that one showed the sensor was off line when I unplugged it. More recently, the Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) communication technology has been introduced as an emerging technology in the field of WSN [ 128]. NB-IoT has the potential to revolutionize WSN, as it is deployed jointly with existing mobile cellular networks and, thus, enables large-scale and possibly continental coverage in the near future [ 129]. Furthermore, the emerging 5G network is expected to further improve communication and its design and standardization will support NB-IoT applications [ 130]. A wide range of smart applications, including smart farming, are expected to be supported in the near future with high-speed massive connectivity under the same roof of 5G wireless communication [ 131]. The sensor can be powered either from two AAA batteries (note that there are externally identical holders but with different pole orientations) or from one CR2032 type element.

The development of sensor devices with communication capabilities, such as NB-IoT, has been recognized as an essential component of smart agriculture [ 58]. Recently, several NB-IoT-based smart water management platforms for irrigation have been proposed and implemented [ 59, 60, 61, 62]. With the increasing further expansion of the worldwide spatial coverage of NB-IoT, it is anticipated that smart agriculture will also become a feasible cost-effective technical solution for smaller farms [ 63].

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Note! If buy it know "There are “Chinese” and “International” versions available and there is a report that only the “International” works." Recent advances in sensor techniques allow for continuous non-invasive soil moisture measurements that integrate over scales beyond the traditional point measurement [ 27]. For instance, cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNS) provide non-invasive soil moisture estimates at the field scale with an effective radius of 130 to 240 m and a penetration depth of up to 80 cm [ 95]. Recently, data from a network of CRNS stations in Europe has been published [ 121], but a large proportion of the stations are not equipped with data transmission. Equipping all CRNS stations with WSN technology would allow the soil moisture data to be available in near real time, e.g., for use in improving flood models within the European Flood Awareness System [ 122].

Also on the board, there is optional wiring of the light sensor, temperature sensor DS18B20 (works up to voltage 2.7 volts ), temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure sensor BME280 as a separate chip or as a ready-made module. I’ve been playing with a few sensors recently. One thing to keep an eye on in the capacitive vs resistive type of sensors. Some have reported the resistive type corroding and causing issue in their automated setup. Once integrated, the sensor worked as I expected in Home Assistant. Readings were reactive to me pouring water inside the flower pot and reported after a while in HA. Here are some charts graphed with the History Explorer Card: HHCCJCY10 Temperature HHCCJCY10 Moisture HHCCJCY10 Illuminance HHCCJCY10 Conductivity Summary Underneath the battery compartment, the main PCB can be seen containing the Zigbee communication module. It’s a Tuya developed ZTU-IPEX chip [ Datasheet] embedded with a low-power 32-bit CPU, 1024-KB flash memory, 64-KB RAM, and rich peripheral resources.I do not measure soil moisture, but the speed at which the flower leafs go down. I use laser ranger once an 4 hours and I set up derivative sensor to calculate movement per hour and if it is more than 5mm/hr it sends me Telegram notification. The leafs are BIG, so for smaller flower speed should be less. It works for about three months on battery charge. I also measure battery. If you are interested in esphome yaml it is here: globals: I was unable to completely pry open the device without ruining it’s water resistance IP67 rating. It was completely glued shut and wouldn’t budge. Using more force meant I will potentially break the case caps and render it vulnerable to moisture or rain if installed outside.