Where signs indicate, some routes are shared between pedestrians, cyclists, horse riders and horse drawn vehicles. Cyclists, horse riders and drivers of horse drawn vehicles should respect your safety, but you should take care not to obstruct or endanger them. Always remain aware of your environment and avoid unnecessary distractions. Rule 14

Roads are long in their planning and long-lasting in operation. Designers must anticipate changes in long-term technological, social and environmental conditions under which they will function well into the future.Parked vehicles. If you have to cross between parked vehicles, use the outside edges of the vehicles as if they were the kerb. Stop there and make sure you can see all around and that the traffic can see you. Make sure there is a gap between any parked vehicles on the other side, so you can reach the pavement. Never cross the road in front of, or behind, any vehicle with its engine running, especially a large vehicle, as the driver may not be able to see you. Rule 15 Piezoelectric energy harvesting limits the amount of electricity that goes into the upkeep and management of these roadways by making use of a natural – or, at least, common – resource. It also makes use of that age-old nuisance: noise pollution. While it doesn’t limit the amount of traffic noise that makes it off of the highway, it does redirect that noise and produces energy for it. Photovoltaic System Coal Combustion Products (CCP’s), derived from coal burning in coal plants (fly ash, boiler slag...). This approach is entirelydifferent than safety systems that provide only ‘last-second’ alerts. Such systems help avert catastrophic crashes, but cannot promote fundamental change in driving habits – the change needed to create a sustainable reduction in accidents.

Mulmi AD (2009) Green road approach in rural road construction for the sustainable development of Nepal. J Sustain Dev 2(3):149–165

About

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2013) Transportation and climate. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/basicinfo.htm (cited 04 May 2014) The principle of STEED rating system is built on 4 stages: Planning – Environmental – Design – As-built. Each stage of a project is evaluated, which allows to determine if goals are achieved and if not, analyze which stage needs to be improved. The goal is also to identify where sustainable practices can be implemented in the most efficient way to maximize the project sustainability. The paving industry, too, is not blind to its environmental record. Both the cement and lime industries have spent years working on productivity and efficiency gains. In the United Kingdom, manufacturers exceeded their targets of improving specific energy consumption by 26.6 percent over 1990 levels ahead of schedule, recording a reduction level of 33.7 percent, the Mineral Products Association said in a recent article on AggregateResearch.com. Manufacturers in the lime sector achieved a specific energy consumption of 940kW h/tonne against a target of 955kW h/tonne, the article said. European Commission (2012) New road construction concept. < http://ec.europa.eu/research/transport/projects/items/nr2c_en.htm> (cited 12 May 2014) These are the current practices in terms of road sustainability. Let’s have a look now at the future innovation and concepts in the road construction sector.

Wu P, Xia B, Zhao X (2014) The importance of use and end-of-life phases to the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of concrete—a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 37:360–369 Equestrian crossings are for horse riders. They have pavement barriers, wider crossing spaces, horse and rider figures in the light panels and either two sets of controls (one higher), or just one higher control panel. Public road authorities play a crucial role in enabling progress towards sustainability. When polled, 42 percent of the group cited regulatory uncertainty as the industry’s biggest challenge to realizing green roads. One executive said, “We don’t have the leeway to switch tolling to free-flow; the concessionaire needs to agree.” However, members of the group also highlighted that Europe is relatively well-positioned to create a common regulatory framework and play a globally leading role. Collective will is essential—as one member put it: “Once you have real drive to do this, you will work around the challenges.” While it is highly encouraging to see new efforts to green the transportation infrastructure (cleaner cars, light rail, urban mass transit), most of the world still goes to work each day on a road designed and built with yesterday's thinking. With the additional power provided by UV protons, roads that integrate UV accessible materials into their solar panels could see more benefit than just charged streetlights. These roads could also charge electric cars as they drive or park on the highway. At their most efficient, UV permeable materials could see drivers charging their phones on the road without the need for wires. The energy instead could be transferred from the solar panels into the cars without the need for drivers to slow their travels. Electromagnetic InductionMuench ST, Anderson J, Bevan T (2010) Greenroads: a sustainability rating system for roadways. Int J Pavement Res Technol 3(5):270–279 Infrastructure has the power to connect communities, boost economic growth and enhance the built and natural environment. Of course, this can only be achieved if it is well designed – with people and the planet considered throughout the process. I do not doubt there will be new design challenges ahead, but we have great multi-disciplinary design teams and with the support of the Strategic Design Panel, we will rise to these. Some brands only submit an isolate, or CBD concentrate, for testing. That’s not good enough because even if that ingredient has been tested for pesticides, metals or other harmful substances, it may then be blended with other ingredients that have not.