Traffic signs manual: Chapter 5: Road markings

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The Pedestrian Crossings Regulations do not permit the use of central hatched or chevron markings within the controlled area of zebra crossings. Such markings may be used between a central double row of zig zags with Pelican, Puffin and Toucan crossings only in the following circumstances: Crossings on major roads should be located away from conflict points at uncontrolled junctions. The controlled area may extend across the mouth of a side road but it should never stop between the two projected kerb lines of the minor road. If this would otherwise occur, the zig-zag lines should be extended to the projection of the far kerb line of the side road. ii) they must be either square or circular in shape. The sides of square or the diameter of circular studs must be not less than 95 mm nor more than 110 mm, Chapter 2 is currently a work in progress. It will contain advice on the design and use of directional signs, and also other informatory signs such as home zone signs. Due to the amount of work required to complete chapter 2, it is intended that interim advice on individual topics will be made available as and when completed. The traffic signs manual gives guidance on the use of traffic signs and road markings prescribed by the Traffic Signs Regulations and covers England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Revised editions of the manual will be published here as they are released.

The length indicated in the first column consists of the controlled area detailed on figures 15-1 and 15-2, excluding the distance between the Stop or Give Way line and the limit of the crossing. The most trusted BIM Library in the UK, certified to the internationally-recognised NBS BIM Object Standard All markings, including reflecting road studs, should be inspected at regular intervals both by day and, where appropriate, for reflectance by night. Retroreflectivity of road markings can be measured by static equipment or by dynamic equipment mounted on a vehicle travelling at normal traffic speeds. BS 6088: 1981 Solid glass beads for use with road marking compounds and for other industrial uses (those sections relating to glass beads for road marking materials), The standard 18 m spacing should be reduced to 9 m on bends with a radius of curvature less than 450 m, or on roads particularly prone to fog and mist or where there is a severe dazzle problem caused by glare from the headlamps of oncoming vehicles.

The width of a pedestrian crossing is determined by the pedestrian flow. An extra 0.5 m should be added to the minimum width of 2.4 m for each 125 pedestrians per hour above 600, averaged over the four peak hours, up to the statutory maximum width of 10 m. Introduction and an outline of the historical, functional and design aspects of signs. The chapter includes sections dealing with the positioning and mounting of signs. Chapter 2 (in draft) informatory signs In the case of studs placed temporarily at road works, the stud body must be fluorescent green / yellow. The use of temporary studs is described in Chapter 8. It is not usually necessary to reflectorise waiting restriction lines as they do not normally have a guidance function. However, reflectorisation may be advantageous where such lines are used on the rural outskirts of a town and the road edge is unkerbed, or where a reflectorised edge of carriageway marking immediately precedes such markings. If the yellow lines are reflectorised, any associated parking bays should be also. The full manual consists of 8 chapters (technically 10 as chapter 8 is split into 3 parts) for clarity, with each chapter describing a different topic from the other.

The Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions ( TSRGD) 2016 prescribes the design and condition of use for traffic signs on or near roads in England, Scotland and Wales. Road markings fall into two categories, those which must be illuminated with retroreflecting material, and those which may be so illuminated (regulation 31). Table [[#table23.1|23-1 lists the diagram numbers of markings which must be reflectorised. The spacing of road studs used with double white lines is dealt with in para #5.115.11. The spacing of studs used with centre lines and lane lines is described in tables 4-1, 4-2 and 4-3, and studs used in conjunction with continuous edge lines or with diagram 1010 in table 4-5 and para 10.11. Initial laboratory requirements for materials are described in BS EN 1790 for preformed markings and BS EN 1871 for directly laid materials. Requirements for drop-on materials (glass beads and anti-skid aggregates) and premix glass beads are dealt with in BS EN 1423 and 1424 respectively. BS EN 1436 specifies several performance levels for properties such as retroreflectivity, skid resistance and durability. Materials will be classified in accordance with the relevant standard following performance testing. In the UK, this will normally be on the basis of laboratory tests to BS EN 1790 or BS EN 1871 as appropriate, and road trials to BS EN 1824. Crossings should normally be positioned at right angles to the carriageway edge. Where this is impracticable, the Give Way or Stop line should as far as possible be at a right angle to the kerb, even if it is then not parallel to the edge of the crossing. This ensures that drivers do not violate the overtaking prohibition when stopping at the line alongside other vehicles.

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On dual carriageway roads where red, white and amber studs are used, these are normally spaced at 18 m intervals. There may be some minor advantage in offsetting the white lane line studs 9 m longitudinally relative to the red and amber studs. Where red studs are used adjacent to chevron markings, the spacing should be closed up to 3 m centres. On dual carriageway roads and one-way streets, at least the standard pattern of eight 2 m marks should be laid on both sides of the crossing wherever possible (see also para 15.17).