Cytokines were the first type of immunotherapy to be used in the clinic and have a history of over 40 years of clinical use. IFNα and IL-2 have been approved for the treatment of malignant tumors ( 97, 98). Cytokines are key mediators of cell-to-cell communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and dysregulation of cytokine expression is present in all human cancers ( 99). Cytokine therapy refers to the direct stimulation of immune cell growth and activity by injected cytokines. Former commonly used cytokines treatments involved mono-therapeutic use of interferons, interleukins, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) ( 3). However, studies have shown that, except for a few cancers, such as melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, single cytokine therapy in clinical trials is not satisfactory ( 99) and testing of multiple agents in suitable pre-clinical models is necessary for future application of cytokine therapy.

This species can cross-breed with Campbell’s hamsters, so it’s difficult to find a 100% Winter White Dwarf hamster. 5. Chinese HamsterThe statements asks riders to report any harassment or suspicious behavior, "even if the incident does not rise to the level of a crime." This species digs burrows as deep as 5 feet beneath the ground. It doesn’t hibernate, so year-round it forages for roots, plants, seeds, and hunts insects. 13. Kam Dwarf Hamster In terms of personality, Syrian hamsters tend to be more solitary, meaning that they should be kept alone in their cage. They can get along well with their owners, too, as long as proper interaction is taking place and regular entertainment is provided. 2. Campbell’s Dwarf Hamster This nocturnal species lives solitarily in complex burrows where it stashes and eats seeds, legumes, vegetables, grasses, and insects. 17. Sokolov’s Dwarf Hamster

Coloration is relatively muted, with a sandy brownish-grey dorsal coloring and light grey ventral coloring. 16. Romanian Hamster There are essentially only 5 types of hamsters are kept as pets. Those are the Syrian, Campbell’s Dwarf, Roborovski Dwarf, Winter White Dwarf, and Chinese hamsters. These are domesticated hamsters that are commonly found in pet stores and are suitable for pet ownership. This very tiny dwarf hamster isn’t actually a true dwarf, but it does only grow to about 3 inches in length. One of the most popular pets to get when you are kid is a hamster. These furry friends are great for first-time pet owners since they are considered to be a low maintenance pet and take up little space in the house. And of course, who can resist how adorable these fluffy guys are?Of these hamsters, many are rarely kept as pets. The 5 most commonly-kept types of hamsters for pet owners are Syrian hamsters, Campell’s Dwarf hamsters, Roborovski Dwarf hamsters, Winter White Dwarf hamsters, and Chinese hamsters. 5 Common Pet Hamster Species The Chinese Striped hamster is native to central and eastern Asia and makes a home in aris and semiarid grasslands and steppe. The Kam Dwarf hamster is only found in the mountains of western China, specifically in grasslands, shrubby marshes, and steppes. While most dwarf species are limited in their colors, this species can come in a wide variety of different colors and sheens. They’re also very bold, friendly, active, and fun to watch. Genus Cansumys (Gansu hamster) 1 species from northeastern China (Kansu province), known only from 3 specimens collected during the 20th century.

Hamsters belong to the subfamily Cricetinae, which contains 19 different species of hamsters that fall under 7 genera. These hamsters come from different geographical regions and have different physical attributes and behaviors. Sokolov’s Dwarf hamster was originally listed as conspecific with the Chinese Stripes hamster, but it was differentiated in 1988.European hamsters are crepuscular and eat seeds, legumes, grasses, vegetables, and insects. They’re frequently solitary. 9. Eversmann’s Hamster Despite its name, this hamster species is found in India, Nepal, and China in addition to Tibet. It prefers mountainous regions, living in altitudes of up to 17,100 feet. Despite their small size, Roborovski hamsters require an extremely large hamster cage and a plethora of different toys. 4. Winter White Dwarf Hamster A common hamster species that Extends from Eastern Europe through the Middle East, Russia, Central Asia, Mongolia, and western China. It’s found in China and Mongolia where it lives in burrows beneath desert shrubbery. 18. Tibetan Dwarf Hamster