In 2011, a new edition published by NewSouth Books replaced the word "nigger" with "slave" and also removed the word "injun". The change was spearheaded by Twain scholar Alan Gribben in the hope of "countering the 'pre-emptive censorship '" that results from the book's being removed from school curricula over language concerns. [39] [40] The changes sparked outrage from critics Elon James, Alexandra Petri and Chris Meadows. [41] Stordeur Pryor, Elizabeth (Summer 2016). "The Etymology of Nigger: Resistance, Language, and the Politics of Freedom in the Antebellum North". Journal of the Early Republic. 36 (2): 203–245. doi: 10.1353/jer.2016.0028. S2CID 148122937 . Retrieved February 26, 2021. = Stordeur Pryor, Elizabeth (Summer 2016). "The Etymology of Nigger: Resistance, Language, and the Politics of Freedom in the Antebellum North". Smith ScholarWorks. Northampton, Massachusetts: Smith College: 203–245, especially 206 f . Retrieved February 26, 2021. Aldridge, Kevin; Thompson, Richelle; Winston, Earnest (August 5, 2001). "The evolving N-word". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Archived from the original on January 10, 2013 . Retrieved October 14, 2011.

Twain, Mark (1883). Life on the Mississippi. Vol.75. James R. Osgood & Co., Boston (U.S. edition). p.11,13,127,139,219. doi: 10.1097/00001888-200010000-00016. ISBN 978-0-486-41426-3. PMID 11031147. {{ cite book}}: |journal= ignored ( help) Dan Sullivan. "Tampa Dunkin' case: A racial slur, a fatal punch and 2 years of house arrest". Tampabay.com . Retrieved September 25, 2022. Nagourney, Adam (January 29, 2009). "Candidate Linked to Obama Parody Song Leaves Race for G.O.P. Chairman". The New York Times. Harvey, Dennis (November 7, 2019). "Film Review: 'Cold Brook' ". Variety . Retrieved November 20, 2019.Jussila, Raimo (1998). Vanhat sanat: Vanhan kirjasuomen ensiesiintymiä (in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura / Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus. pp.170, 365. ISBN 951-746-008-2. ASALE, RAE-; RAE. "negro, negra | Diccionario de la lengua española". «Diccionario de la lengua española» - Edición del Tricentenario (in Spanish) . Retrieved February 1, 2023. Leffert, Catherine (March 13, 2019). "Students, professor use 'N-word' during class at SU's Madrid program". The Daily Orange . Retrieved November 19, 2019. Tervonen, Satu (2001). "Etnisten nimitysten eri sävyt". Kielikello (in Finnish). Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (1/2001). In addition to Smith College, Emory University, Augsburg University, Southern Connecticut State University, and Simpson College all suspended professors in 2019 over referring to the word "nigger" by name in classroom settings. [47] [48] [49] In two other cases, a professor at Princeton decided to stop teaching a course on hate speech after students protested his utterance of "nigger" and a professor at DePaul had his law course cancelled after 80% of the enrolled students transferred out. [50] [51] Instead of pursuing disciplinary action, a student at the College of the Desert challenged his professor in a viral class presentation which argued that her use of the word in a lecture was not justified. [52] In the workplace

The editor of Green Egg, a magazine described in The Encyclopedia of American Religions as a significant periodical, published an essay entitled "Niggers of the New Age". This argued that Neo-Pagans were treated badly by other parts of the New Age movement. [83] Other languages A "Migger" is someone who is from Michigan and is a Gamer. The longer form is MI-Gamer, or, Michigan Gamer. MIG is short for MichiganGamer, however, add 'ger (to emphasize Michigander) to the end and you have Migger. In Michigan, a Migger is known as a local gamer who originated or lives in Michigan. In 2018, the head of the media company Netflix, Reed Hastings, fired his chief communications officer, Jonathan Friedland, for using the word twice during internal discussions about sensitive words. [53] In explaining why, Hastings wrote: Mosley, Walter (September 6, 2019). "Why I quit the writer's room". The New York Times . Retrieved September 19, 2019. Brontsema, Robin (June 1, 2004). "A Queer Revolution: Reconceptualizing the Debate Over Linguistic Reclamation". Colorado Research in Linguistics. 17 (1). doi: 10.25810/dky3-zq57. ISSN 1937-7029. Linguistic reclamation, also known as linguistic resignification or reappropriation, refers to the appropriation of a pejorative epithet by its target(s).In 1969, in the course of being interviewed by the British magazine Nova, artist Yoko Ono said "woman is the nigger of the world;" three years later, her husband, John Lennon, published the song of the same name—about the worldwide phenomenon of discrimination against women—which was socially and politically controversial to US sensibilities. Natisse, Kia Miakka. " Morgan Freeman, it's time to retire the 'Magical Negro' role". thegrio.com, June 6, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2015.