Fluhr, Zachary C. & Nussbaum, Eric (November 1973). "Switching Plan for a Cellular Mobile Telephone System". IEEE Transactions on Communications. 21 (11): 1281–1286. doi: 10.1109/TCOM.1973.1091569. businessmen rushed to buy them and it was Britain's best selling phone for a short time. British Telecom Mobile phone charger plugs prior to the universal standard (left to right) Samsung E900, Motorola V3, Nokia 6101 and Sony Ericsson K750. The Micro-USB interface is found on chargers for feature phones and smartphones. The USB-C interface is increasingly found on (chargers for) smartphones. [56]

Farley, Tom (1 January 2006). "Cellular Telephone Basics". Privateline.com. Archived from the original on 5 December 2015 . Retrieved 30 December 2012. As of 14June2007 [update], all new mobile phones applying for a license in China are required to use a USB port as a power port for battery charging. [57] [58] This was the first standard to use the convention of shorting D+ and D−. [59] OMTP/GSMA Universal Charging Solution [ edit ] Saeed, Fahd Ahmad. "Capacity Limit Problem in 3G Networks". Purdue School of Engineering . Retrieved 23 April 2010.identical to the earlier two phones. These are much more common than either the 8000X or 8000S, but nonetheless Advances in mobile telephony can be traced in successive generations from the early "0G" services like MTS and its successor Improved Mobile Telephone Service, to first-generation (1G) analog cellular networks (1979–), second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks (1991–), third-generation (3G) broadband data services (launched commercially in 2001) to the fourth-generation (4G) native-IP networks (launched in 2006 in South Korea). 5G began deployment in 2019.

Agreement on Mobile phone Standard Charger". GSM World (Press release). Archived from the original on 17 February 2009 . Retrieved 3 December 2017.

Philips

While Motorola was developing the cellular phone itself, from 1968 to 1983, Bell Labs worked on the system called AMPS, while others designed cell phones for that and other cellular systems. Martin Cooper, a former general manager for the systems division at Motorola, led a team that produced the DynaTAC 8000x, the first commercially available cellular phone small enough to be easily carried, and made the first phone call from it. Martin Cooper was the first person to make an analog cellular mobile phone call on a prototype in 1973. The Inmarsat system is the oldest, originally developed in 1979 for safety of life at sea, and uses a series of satellites in geostationary orbits to cover the majority of the globe. Several smaller operators use the same approach with just one or two satellites to provide a regional service. An alternative approach is to use a series of low Earth orbit satellites much closer to Earth. This is the basis of the Iridium and Globalstar satellite phone services. Gonsalves, Antone (19 September 2005). "RealNetworks Launches Streaming Music on Sprint Phones". Information Week . Retrieved 16 October 2012. As technology progressed, so did mobile devices. The introduction of smaller components, digital networks, and improved battery life paved the way for more portable and feature-rich phones. The 1990s saw the rise of “flip phones,” which had a compact design and offered additional functionalities like text messaging and basic games. The Smartphone Revolution Nellis, Blake (March 2, 2015). " The Evolution of the Cell Phone". The Technocrat. The Montana Standard (Butte, Montana). p. T6.

Nauka i zhizn" magazine, 8, 1957 and 10, 1958; "Technika-molodezhi" magazine, 2, 1959; "Za rulem" magazine, 12, 1957, "Yuny technik" magazine, 7, 1957, 2, 1958 and 9, 1996; "Orlovskaya pravda" newspaper, 12, 1961. Shi, Mingtao (2007). Technology Base of mobile cellular operators in Germany and China. Univerlagtuberlin. pp.55–. ISBN 978-3-7983-2057-4 . Retrieved 30 December 2012. The Wireless Association Announces One Universal Charger Solution to Celebrate Earth Day". CTIA (Press release). 22 April 2009. Archived from the original on 14 December 2010 . Retrieved 22 June 2010.

Motorola

The first pre-commercial trial network with 3G was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in the Tokyo region in May 2001. NTT DoCoMo launched the first commercial 3G network on 1 October 2001, using the WCDMA technology. In 2002 the first 3G networks on the rival CDMA2000 1xEV-DO technology were launched by SK Telecom and KTF in South Korea, and Monet in the US. Monet has since gone bankrupt. By the end of 2002, the second WCDMA network was launched in Japan by Vodafone KK (now Softbank). European launches of 3G were in Italy and the UK by Three/Hutchison group, on WCDMA. 2003 saw a further eight commercial launches of 3G, six more on WCDMA and two more on the EV-DO standard. One of the first successful public commercial mobile phone networks was the ARP network in Finland, launched in 1971. Posthumously, ARP is sometimes viewed as a zero generation ( 0G) cellular network, being slightly above previous proprietary and limited coverage networks. [ citation needed] Handheld mobile phone [ edit ] Martin Cooper photographed in 2007 with his 1972 handheld mobile phone prototype. One size-fits-all mobile phone charger: IEC publishes first globally relevant standard". International Electrotechnical Commission. 1 February 2011 . Retrieved 20 February 2012. In September 2007, the Open Mobile Terminal Platform group (a forum of mobile network operators and manufacturers such as Nokia, Samsung, Motorola, Sony Ericsson, and LG) announced that its members had agreed on Micro-USB as the future common connector for mobile devices. [60] [61] in 1988 at a time when vendors were slashing handset prices. However, it was actually a rebranded Japanese-made