Rees (2008), p.211. "The original Welsh is 'Lladd y baedd, eilliodd ei ben'. The usual meaning of eilliodd is 'shaved', which might mean 'chopped off' or 'sliced'" Lines of Descent". The Discovery of Richard III. University of Leicester . Retrieved 7 February 2013. Singh, Anita (16 November 2023). "Historian who found Richard III under car park claims Princes in the Tower escaped"– via www.telegraph.co.uk. When their father and elder brother Edmund, Earl of Rutland, were killed at the Battle of Wakefield on 30 December 1460, Richard and George were sent by their mother to the Low Countries. [8] They returned to England following the defeat of the Lancastrians at the Battle of Towton. They participated in the coronation of their eldest brother as King Edward IV on 28 June 1461, when Richard was named Duke of Gloucester and made both a Knight of the Garter and a Knight of the Bath. Edward appointed him the sole Commissioner of Array for the Western Counties in 1464 when he was 11. By the age of 17, he had an independent command. [9] The ruins of the twelfth-century castle at Middleham in Wensleydale, North Yorkshire, where Richard was raised During his adolescence, and due to a cause that is unknown, Richard developed a sideways curvature of the spine ( scoliosis). [20] In 2014, after the discovery of Richard's remains, the osteoarchaeologist Dr. Jo Appleby, of Leicester University's School of Archaeology and Ancient History, imaged the spinal column, and reconstructed a model using 3D printing, and concluded that though the spinal scoliosis looked dramatic, it probably did not cause any major physical deformity that could not be disguised by clothing. [21] [22] Marriage and family relationships [ edit ] Contemporary illumination ( Rous Roll, 1483) of Richard, his wife Anne Neville, and their son Edward

a b Billington, Michael (21 May 2016). "Benedict Cumberbatch proves a superb villain in The Hollow Crown's Richard III". Theatre Blog. The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 April 2018 . Retrieved 5 December 2018. a b c Wade, Mike (7 October 2022). " 'Sidelined' historian's crowning glory". The Times . Retrieved 23 January 2023. a b Ashdown-Hill, J.; Johnson, D.; Johnson, W.; Langley, P. (2014). Carson, A.J. (ed.). Finding Richard III: The Official Account of Research by the Retrieval and Reburial Project. Imprimis Imprimatur. pp.38, 40, 71–74, 75–81. ISBN 978-0957684027.

Brooke, Michael. "Tragedy of Richard III, The (1983)". BFI Screenonline. British Film Institute . Retrieved 11 December 2018.

a b c d e f g h i j k Williams, Zoe (24 August 2022). " 'I had goosebumps!' – the finder of Richard III's remains in a car park is celebrated in a Steve Coogan film". TheGuardian.com . Retrieved 20 January 2023. Churchill, Winston S. (1956). A History of the English-Speaking Peoples. Vol.1. The Birth of Britain. New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 0-304-341010. OL 14989146M.

How did Richard take the throne?

She was married but later separated from her husband, John Langley; they have two sons. [2] In 2022, Steve Coogan, who plays John Langley in The Lost King said "... they've got a very interesting relationship because they're not married anymore, but they both still love each other, and they're still in each other's lives", and "I've never seen that depicted on screen before ... and I wanted to just show that." [1] Awards and honours [ edit ] a b "Queen's birthday honours list 2015: MBE". The Guardian. 12 June 2015 . Retrieved 20 January 2023. a b c Penn, Thomas (30 October 2013). "The King's Grave: The Search for Richard III by Philippa Langley and Michael Jones – review". The Guardian . Retrieved 20 January 2023.

Carson, Annette (2009). Richard III: The Maligned King. Stroud, England: History Press. ISBN 978-0-752-45208-1.Clarke, Peter D. (2005). "English Royal Marriages and the Papal Penitentiary in the Fifteenth Century". The English Historical Review. 120 (488): 1014–1029. doi: 10.1093/ehr/cei244. JSTOR 3489227. James Delingpole. "A calculated insult to the viewer: Channel 4's The Princes in the Tower – The New Evidence reviewed". The Spectator . Retrieved 24 November 2023. Booth, Peter W. N. (1997). Landed society in Cumberland and Westmorland, c.1440–1485 – the politics of the Wars of the Roses (PhD thesis). University of Leicester. hdl: 2381/9677. Hammond, Peter W.; Sutton, Anne (1985). Richard III: The Road to Bosworth Field. London: Constable. ISBN 978-0-094-66160-8. Higginbotham, Susan (16 December 2008). "Richard III and Bail". History Refreshed. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018 . Retrieved 31 March 2014.

Boar mount belonging to Richard III detected". The Daily Telegraph. London. 3 December 2012. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018 . Retrieved 3 December 2012. a b "Richard III Tomb and Burial". Leicester Cathedral. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018 . Retrieved 6 December 2018. The Lost Prince: The Survival of Richard of York. Stroud, England: History Press. ISBN 978-0750943369.Grant, A. (1993). "Foreign Affairs Under Richard III". In John Gillingham (ed.). Richard III: A Medieval Kingship. London: Collins & Brown. ISBN 978-1-85585-100-9.